Teacher beliefs refer to the beliefs, attitudes, values, and assumptions that teachers hold about various aspects of teaching and learning. These beliefs can encompass a wide range of topics, including the role of the teacher in the classroom, effective instructional strategies, student behavior, assessment practices, and the purpose of education. Research in this area seeks to understand how teachers' beliefs influence their instructional practices, decision-making processes, and interactions with students. By examining teacher beliefs, researchers can gain insights into the factors that shape teaching practices and ultimately impact student learning outcomes. Studies in teacher beliefs often explore the origins of these beliefs, how they are developed and maintained over time, and how they can be influenced or changed through professional development or other interventions. Additionally, research in this area may consider the impact of cultural, social, and institutional factors on teacher beliefs, as well as the relationship between teacher beliefs and student achievement.